Geology — The Living Landscape
The lakes of Plitvice were formed by travertine (tufa) barriers — deposits of calcium carbonate created by the interaction of water, moss, algae, and bacteria over thousands of years. As water flows over limestone bedrock, it dissolves calcium carbonate. When this mineral-rich water reaches moss-covered barriers, the calcium carbonate is re-deposited, slowly building up the natural dams that separate each lake.
This process is ongoing: the lakes continuously change as new travertine barriers form, old ones grow taller, and the landscape evolves. The turquoise and emerald colors of the water come from the dissolved minerals and the unique angle at which light penetrates the crystal-clear water.
Timeline
Beyond its natural significance, the region holds a rich cultural history including connections to the Croatian Springs movement and the broader history of the Croatian people's relationship with their natural heritage.